As you can imagine, women activists became enraged by this declaration.

As a result, the American Equal Rights Association was established by Stanton and her colleagues in 1866 in effort to organize in the fight for women’s rights.

In 1868, the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment proved an affront to the women’s movement. You see, it defined “citizenship” and “voters” as “male”, and raised the question as to whether women were considered citizens of the United States at all. This only enraged the women more!

The exclusion of women was further reinforced with the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. It enfranchised black men.

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